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Apache HTTPD Administration

( Duration: 3 Days )

The Apache HTTPD Administration training course focuses on installing, configuring, and tuning Apache as a web server. The course also covers migrating from another web server (such as IIS) to Apache.

By attending Apache HTTPD Administration workshop, delegates will learn to:

Setup Apache HTTPD as a web server
Migrate from one web server to Apache HTTPD

Experienced System Administrators needing to roll-out Apache HTTPD.

COURSE AGENDA

Introduction to Apache

Background
Overview of Apache HTTP server's features
Usage of Apache HTTP server in the real world
Overview of Apache Software Foundation
Apache License
Versions of Apache HTTP Server
Apache Server requirements and deployment options

Installation of Apache

Getting Apache HTTP Server
Apache features as modules
Downloading Apache
Using vendor-supplied version of Apache
- The configure script
- Static vs. shared modules
- Directory/file layouts
- Upgrading Apache from source
Installing Apache on Unix/Linux and Windows
Testing Apache installation
- Starting
- Stopping (graceful vs. hard)
- Restarting (graceful vs. hard)
- Command-line options (e.g. httpd vs. apachectl script)
Running Apache as a service on Unix/Linux and Windows
Querying Apache for feature support

Configuration

Apache directory structure
- Overview of files that come with apache
Apache .conf files
- Syntax (directives, sections, comments, white-space)
- Testing for correctness
- Understanding Includes
Directive contexts
Sections
- "Directory" and "DirectoryMatch"
  - Overview of regular expressions
- Files and FilesMatch
- Location and LocationMatch
- Proxy
- Limit and LimitExcept
- VirtualHost (overview-only, more on this later)
- If Module
- If Define
- If Version
Apache .htaccess Files
- Discussion of why, what, when, and how?
- Understanding performance and security implications
Directive processing order
Directory and file paths
Listening on ports
Apache modules
- Loading
Understanding DocumentRoot-s
Basic Security (more on this later)
Running multiple instances of Apache off the same installation

Logging on Apache

Server logging (i.e. ErrorLog)
Access logging
- Formatting access logs
Conditional logging
- Based on response status
- Based on request/response parameters (env)
User tracking
Forensic logging
Debug logging
Log rotation

URL Handling on Apache

slash redirect
Redirecting URLs to other URLs
Redirecting with regular expressions
Redirecting misspelled URLs
Aliasing URLs to files/directories
Aliasing with regular expressions
Aliasing scripts
Aliasing user directories
Re-examining Document Root
Handling errors (creating Error Document-s)

Handlers and Filters on Apache

Understanding Apache handlers
Configuring handlers
The default handler
MIME types (i.e. Content-Type)
- MIME types in Apache
- Configuring MIME types manually
- Auto-magically determining MIME types
Content encoding
Content languages and character sets
Multiple file extensions
Content negotiation
- The TypeMap handler
- MultiViews
The As-Is handler
The CGI Script handler
The Image Map handler
The Server Info handler
The Server Status handler
Monitoring Apache
Apache Filters
- Configuring filters
- Smart filters
- Compressing data on the fly (mod_deflate)
- On the fly search-and-replace
- External filters

Virtual Hosting on Apache

Overview of virtual hosting
Defining virtual hosts on Apache
IP-based virtual hosting
Port-based virtual hosting
Name-based virtual hosting
Mix-and-match virtual hosting
Bulk-virtual hosting
Issues with virtual hosting (e.g. SSL)

Directory Indexing on Apache

Directory requests
Basic directory indexing
Fancy directory indexing
Configuring directory indexing
Customizing header and footer
Ignoring files to index
Customizing icons and descriptions
Dynamic filtering and sorting

Apache Performance Tuning

Understanding performance objectives
Apache Bench (ab)
- Overview
- Using
Hardware and OS tuning
- Serving files from network attached file systems
Multi-processing modules (MPMs)
- Prefork MPM
- WinNT MPM
- Worker MPM
- Event MPM
- Implications of MPM selection and tuning
  - Security
  - Stability
  - Performance
  - Memory-footprint
Impact of modules
Impact of hostname lookups
Impact of symbolic links
Impact of AllowOverride-s (i.e. .htaccess files)
Impact of content negotiation
File caching

Dynamic Content on Apache

Server Side Includes (SSI)
- Overview
- Simple HOWTO
CGI
- Overview
- Implications
- Debugging
Perl with mod_perl
- Overview
- Installation
- Configuration
- Performance impact
PHP with mod_php
- Overview
- Installation
- Basic configuration

Apache Security

Keeping Apache up-to-date
Limiting the modules
Apache user and file system permissions
Securing/limiting dynamic content
Security implications of AllowOverride (i.e. .htaccess files)
Authentication and authorization
- Access control (revisited)
- IP/Host based access control
- Basic authentication
- Group-based authorization
- Authn/Authz providers
- Mixing access control
SSL/TLS on Apache
- Overview of SSL
- SSL Certificates
- Configuring mod_ssl
- Requiring SSL

Advanced URL manipulation on Apache

Overview of mod_rewrite
Enabling mod_rewrite
Understanding API Phases
Rule set processing
RewriteRule directive
- Syntax
- Uses
- Flags
RewriteCond directive
- Syntax
- Uses (combining)
- Flags
RewriteOptions directive
RewriteBase directive
RewriteMaps directive
RewriteLock directive
mod_rewrite in practice

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